| EEO / Anti-Discrimination policy | Title VII / ADEA / ADA / GINA / state FEPAs; affirmative-action contractors required |
| Anti-Harassment with reporting + non-retaliation | CA FEHA explicit requirement (2 CCR §11023); Faragher/Ellerth defense in any harassment case |
| ADA reasonable-accommodation request process (interactive) | ADA + state equivalents; failure to engage = automatic loss |
| Religious accommodation | Groff v. DeJoy (2023) raised standard from "de minimis" to "substantial burden" |
| Pregnancy / PWFA accommodation | PWFA (June 2023, 15+ EE) + state PFLA-like statutes |
| Lactation accommodation | PUMP Act (2022) - federal, nearly all employers; private space + reasonable break time |
| FMLA + state PFML | FMLA at 50+ EE; state PFML thresholds vary (CA CFRA 5+, NY 1+, etc.) |
| PTO / sick leave | State paid-sick-leave laws (CA, AZ, CO, CT, IL, ME, MA, MD, MI, MN, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OR, RI, VT, WA + cities) |
| Voting / jury duty / military leave (USERRA) | State voting-leave laws; federal USERRA |
| Domestic-violence leave | CA, NY, IL, KS, RI, others |
| Pay transparency / right to discuss wages | NLRA §7 - handbooks regularly violate this with confidentiality clauses; explicit carve-out required |
| Whistleblower / SOX protection | SOX, Dodd-Frank, state whistleblower acts |
| At-will disclaimer + handbook-not-a-contract | Case-law-driven; without it, handbook may be construed as contract |
| NLRA §7 carve-outs in confidentiality, social-media, off-duty-conduct sections | Handbook policies that "chill" §7 activity are unfair labor practices |
| Social media + off-duty conduct | NLRA §7 limits employer rights; CA Lab. Code §96(k) protects off-duty lawful conduct |
| Drug & alcohol with cannabis-jurisdiction nuance | NY Lab. §201-d, NJ CREAMM, CT, NV - recreational-use protection; CA AB 2188 (2024) |
| Open-door / grievance process | Faragher/Ellerth defense |
| Records access | GDPR Art. 15 (1-month response), CA CPRA (employee data rights since Jan 1 2023) |
| Anti-retaliation | EEOC, FMLA, OSHA, NLRA, FLSA all have anti-retaliation provisions |
| Acknowledgment receipt | Legal hook for handbook enforceability + at-will reaffirmation |