Scope the engagement. Clarify which process the user wants to analyze or improve. Define the boundaries: where does the process start and end? Which teams or roles are involved? What is the triggering event and what is the final deliverable?
Map the current state. Document every step using SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs, Process steps, Outputs, Customers). Capture sequential steps, decision points, and parallel paths.
Measure the current state. For each step, gather cycle time (active work), wait time (queue delay), error rate (rework percentage), volume (throughput per period), and resource requirements.
Identify bottlenecks. The bottleneck is the step with the longest total time (cycle + wait) or lowest throughput. Apply the Theory of Constraints. Also look for high error rates (rework waste), high wait times (queuing waste), manual handoffs between teams, and redundant approval gates.
Design the future state. Address each bottleneck using five levers: eliminate (remove non-value steps), combine (merge sequential steps for one owner), automate (rule-based repetitive steps), parallelize (independent steps run concurrently), and simplify (consolidate approvals, standardize decisions).
Quantify the expected improvement. Calculate projected cycle time reduction, error rate reduction, cost savings, and resource reallocation potential. Express improvements as both percentages and absolute values.
Write SOPs for the new process. Document every step in the future-state process with enough detail that a new team member could follow it without training. Include decision trees for non-obvious choices.
Define monitoring metrics. Select 3-5 KPIs that will indicate whether the new process is performing as designed. Establish thresholds for each: green (on target), yellow (investigate), red (intervene). Define how often each metric is reviewed.
Create the rollout plan. Define phases (pilot, limited rollout, full rollout), training requirements, success criteria per phase, rollback triggers, and stakeholder communication.
Post-implementation review. Compare actual metrics to projections. Document what worked, what did not, and update the SOP based on real-world feedback.