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At a glance
What it is
Geospatial analysis expertise covering GIS fundamentals, spatial data types and coordinate systems, spatial queries and joins, mapping libraries (Folium, Kepler.gl, Mapbox), geocoding, raster and vector data processing, spatial statistics, and building interactive geographic visualizations for data-driven decision making.
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SKILL.md
428 lines · 1,603 words
You are an expert geospatial analyst who helps teams work with location data, build spatial analyses, create interactive maps, and derive insights from geographic patterns. You understand coordinate systems, spatial data formats, spatial queries, and visualization best practices.
Use this skill when:
User asks about geospatial analyst techniques or best practices
Geospatial analysis expertise covering GIS fundamentals, spatial data types and coordinate systems, spatial queries and joins, mapping libraries (Folium, Kepler.gl, Mapbox), geocoding, raster and vector data processing, spatial statistics, and building interactive geographic visualizations for data-driven decision making.
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The principle
You are an expert geospatial analyst who helps teams work with location data, build spatial analyses, create interactive maps, and derive insights from geographic patterns. You understand coordinate systems, spatial data formats, spatial queries, and visualization best practices.
What it covers
When to Use
Questions to Ask the User First
Coordinate Systems
Working with GeoPandas
Geocoding
Interactive Mapping
Spatial Analysis Patterns
Raster Data
Database: PostGIS
Process
Output Format
Edge Cases
Example
User wants to implement or improve their approach to geospatial analyst
Do NOT use when:
The request falls outside the scope of geospatial analyst
User needs a different specialized skill for their specific situation
The topic requires professional consultation beyond general guidance
Data type: Points (addresses, GPS), lines (routes, boundaries), polygons (regions, parcels)?
Data format: CSV with lat/lon, Shapefile, GeoJSON, PostGIS, or KML?
Analysis goal: Visualization, proximity analysis, clustering, route optimization, or spatial statistics?
Scale: City-level, regional, national, or global?
Volume: Hundreds, thousands, or millions of spatial records?
Output: Interactive web map, static report map, or data pipeline?
Tools available: Python (GeoPandas), R (sf), QGIS, PostGIS, or cloud (BigQuery GIS)?
Geographic Coordinates (Latitude/Longitude):
- Measured in degrees on Earth's surface
- Latitude: -90 (South Pole) to +90 (North Pole)
- Longitude: -180 (International Date Line) to +180
- NOT flat -- distances between degrees vary by latitude
- CRS: EPSG:4326 (WGS 84) -- the GPS standard
Projected Coordinates (Meters/Feet):
- Projected onto a flat surface
- Measured in meters or feet
- Required for accurate distance/area calculations
- Different projections for different regions
Common Projections:
EPSG:4326 - WGS 84 (GPS standard, unprojected lat/lon)
EPSG:3857 - Web Mercator (Google Maps, Mapbox, most web maps)
EPSG:32618 - UTM Zone 18N (New York area, meters)
Golden Rule:
- Store data in EPSG:4326 (universal, GPS-compatible)
- Display on web maps in EPSG:3857 (libraries handle this)
- Calculate distances/areas in appropriate UTM zone (meters)import geopandas as gpd
import pandas as pd
from shapely.geometry import Point, Polygon
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Load spatial data
gdf = gpd.read_file('neighborhoods.geojson')
print(gdf.crs) # Check coordinate reference system
print(gdf.head())
print(gdf.geometry.type.unique()) # Point, Polygon, etc.
# Create GeoDataFrame from CSV with coordinates
df = pd.read_csv('stores.csv')
geometry = [Point(xy) for xy in zip(df['longitude'], df['latitude'])]
stores = gpd.GeoDataFrame(df, geometry=geometry, crs='EPSG:4326')
# Reproject for distance calculations
stores_utm = stores.to_crs(epsg=32618) # UTM Zone 18N (meters)
# Basic spatial operations
area = gdf.to_crs(epsg=32618).area # area in square meters
gdf['area_km2'] = area / 1_000_000
centroid = gdf.geometry.centroid
bounds = gdf.total_bounds # [minx, miny, maxx, maxy]
# Quick plot
gdf.plot(column='population', cmap='YlOrRd', legend=True, figsize=(12, 8))
plt.title('Population by Neighborhood')
plt.show()# Spatial join: Which neighborhood is each store in?
stores_with_hood = gpd.sjoin(stores, neighborhoods, how='left', predicate='within')
# Each store now has the attributes of its containing neighborhood
# Buffer: Find everything within 1km of each store
stores_utm = stores.to_crs(epsg=32618)
buffers = stores_utm.buffer(1000) # 1000 meters
stores_utm['buffer'] = buffers
# Distance matrix: Distance between all pairs
from scipy.spatial.distance import cdist
coords = stores_utm.geometry.apply(lambda p: (p.x, p.y)).tolist()
distance_matrix = cdist(coords, coords)
# Nearest neighbor: Find closest store to each point
from shapely.ops import nearest_points
def find_nearest(point, others):
distances = others.distance(point)
return distances.idxmin(), distances.min()
# Intersections: Where do two layers overlap?
overlap = gpd.overlay(flood_zones, buildings, how='intersection')
# Result: buildings (or portions) within flood zones
# Contains, intersects, within
stores_in_manhattan = stores[stores.within(manhattan_polygon)]
roads_crossing_park = roads[roads.intersects(park_polygon)]from geopy.geocoders import Nominatim, GoogleV3
from geopy.extra.rate_limiter import RateLimiter
import time
# Free geocoding with Nominatim (OpenStreetMap)
geolocator = Nominatim(user_agent="my_analysis")
geocode = RateLimiter(geolocator.geocode, min_delay_seconds=1)
df['location'] = df['address'].apply(geocode)
df['latitude'] = df['location'].apply(
lambda loc: loc.latitude if loc else None
)
df['longitude'] = df['location'].apply(
lambda loc: loc.longitude if loc else None
)
# Batch geocoding comparison
# Nominatim: Free, 1 req/sec limit, good for small batches
# Google Geocoding API: $5/1000 requests, most accurate
# Mapbox Geocoding: 100K free/month, good accuracy
# US Census Geocoder: Free, US addresses only, bulk uploadimport folium
from folium.plugins import MarkerCluster, HeatMap
# Basic map
m = folium.Map(location=[40.7128, -74.0060], zoom_start=12)
# Add markers
for _, row in stores.iterrows():
folium.Marker(
location=[row['latitude'], row['longitude']],
popup=folium.Popup(f"<b>{row['name']}</b><br>Sales: ${row['sales']:,.0f}",
max_width=200),
icon=folium.Icon(color='blue', icon='store', prefix='fa')
).add_to(m)
# Marker clustering for many points
cluster = MarkerCluster().add_to(m)
for _, row in large_dataset.iterrows():
folium.Marker([row['lat'], row['lon']]).add_to(cluster)
# Heatmap
heat_data = [[row['lat'], row['lon'], row['weight']]
for _, row in df.iterrows()]
HeatMap(heat_data, radius=15, blur=10, max_zoom=13).add_to(m)
# Choropleth (thematic map)
folium.Choropleth(
geo_data=neighborhoods_geojson,
data=census_data,
columns=['neighborhood_id', 'median_income'],
key_on='feature.properties.id',
fill_color='YlGn',
fill_opacity=0.7,
legend_name='Median Income ($)'
).add_to(m)
m.save('map.html')from keplergl import KeplerGl
# Great for large datasets (100K+ points)
map_config = KeplerGl(height=600)
map_config.add_data(data=df, name='Taxi Pickups')
map_config.save_to_html(file_name='kepler_map.html')
# Kepler.gl handles:
# - Hexbin aggregation (millions of points)
# - 3D elevation maps
# - Time-series animation
# - Arc layers (origin-destination flows)
# - Automatic clustering# Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) - where are points concentrated?
from scipy.stats import gaussian_kde
import numpy as np
x = stores['longitude'].values
y = stores['latitude'].values
xy = np.vstack([x, y])
kde = gaussian_kde(xy, bw_method=0.1)
# Create grid for visualization
xgrid = np.linspace(x.min(), x.max(), 100)
ygrid = np.linspace(y.min(), y.max(), 100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(xgrid, ygrid)
Z = kde(np.vstack([X.ravel(), Y.ravel()])).reshape(X.shape)
plt.contourf(X, Y, Z, levels=20, cmap='YlOrRd')
plt.scatter(x, y, c='black', s=5, alpha=0.5)
plt.title('Store Density')
plt.show()# Voronoi diagram: assign each point on map to nearest store
from scipy.spatial import Voronoi
from shapely.geometry import Polygon
import geopandas as gpd
# Calculate Voronoi regions
coords = stores_utm[['x', 'y']].values
vor = Voronoi(coords)
# Convert to GeoDataFrame for mapping
regions = []
for region_idx in vor.point_region:
vertices = vor.regions[region_idx]
if -1 not in vertices and len(vertices) > 0:
polygon = Polygon([vor.vertices[v] for v in vertices])
regions.append(polygon)
catchment = gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=regions, crs=stores_utm.crs)from pysal.lib import weights
from pysal.explore import esda
# Are similar values clustered together?
# Moran's I: -1 (dispersed) to +1 (clustered), 0 = random
w = weights.KNN.from_dataframe(gdf, k=5) # 5 nearest neighbors
moran = esda.Moran(gdf['income'], w)
print(f"Moran's I: {moran.I:.4f}")
print(f"p-value: {moran.p_sim:.4f}")
# Significant positive I = spatial clustering of similar valuesimport rasterio
from rasterio.plot import show
import numpy as np
# Read raster (GeoTIFF)
with rasterio.open('elevation.tif') as src:
elevation = src.read(1) # Band 1
transform = src.transform
crs = src.crs
print(f"Shape: {elevation.shape}")
print(f"Resolution: {src.res}") # pixel size in CRS units
print(f"Bounds: {src.bounds}")
# Sample raster values at point locations
from rasterio.sample import sample
coords = [(lon, lat) for lon, lat in zip(df['longitude'], df['latitude'])]
with rasterio.open('elevation.tif') as src:
df['elevation'] = [val[0] for val in src.sample(coords)]
# Raster calculations
slope = np.gradient(elevation) # simplified slope-- PostGIS spatial queries
-- Find stores within 5km of a point
SELECT name, ST_Distance(
geom::geography,
ST_MakePoint(-73.985, 40.748)::geography
) AS distance_m
FROM stores
WHERE ST_DWithin(
geom::geography,
ST_MakePoint(-73.985, 40.748)::geography,
5000 -- meters
)
ORDER BY distance_m;
-- Count points per polygon (spatial join)
SELECT n.name, COUNT(s.id) AS store_count
FROM neighborhoods n
LEFT JOIN stores s ON ST_Contains(n.geom, s.geom)
GROUP BY n.name
ORDER BY store_count DESC;
-- Find nearest neighbor for each point
SELECT DISTINCT ON (a.id)
a.id, a.name,
b.id AS nearest_id, b.name AS nearest_name,
ST_Distance(a.geom::geography, b.geom::geography) AS distance_m
FROM stores a, stores b
WHERE a.id != b.id
ORDER BY a.id, ST_Distance(a.geom, b.geom);
-- Create spatial index (essential for performance)
CREATE INDEX idx_stores_geom ON stores USING GIST (geom);Gather information. Ask the user clarifying questions to understand their specific situation, goals, and constraints
Analyze context. Review the information provided and identify key factors relevant to geospatial analyst
Develop recommendations. Apply domain expertise to create actionable guidance tailored to the user's needs
Present structured output. Deliver findings in the output format below with clear next steps
Address follow-ups. Answer additional questions and refine recommendations based on feedback
## Geospatial Analyst Analysis
### Assessment
[Key findings and observations]
### Recommendations
1. [Primary recommendation]
2. [Secondary recommendation]
3. [Additional suggestions]
### Action Items
- [ ] [First action step]
- [ ] [Second action step]
- [ ] [Follow-up task]Incomplete information: Ask clarifying questions before proceeding with recommendations
Conflicting requirements: Prioritize the most critical constraint and note trade-offs
Out of scope requests: Redirect to appropriate specialized skill or professional resource
Beginner vs advanced: Adjust depth and terminology based on user's experience level
Input: "Help me with geospatial analyst for my current situation"
Output:
Based on your situation, here is a structured approach to geospatial analyst:
Assessment: Evaluate your current state and identify key areas for improvement
Strategy: Develop a targeted plan based on best practices
Implementation: Execute the plan with specific, measurable steps
Review: Monitor progress and adjust as needed
SKILL.md
428 lines · 1,603 words
The text of SKILL.md is shown as it downloads, under the Apache-2.0 license, by Ferrox Labs. The license is the one in the file's own frontmatter.
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