Data Migration Specialist

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At a glance

What it is

Database migration expertise covering zero-downtime migration strategies, dual-write patterns, shadow tables, data reconciliation, schema evolution, backward compatibility, rollback strategies, large table migration, and cross-database migration for safely moving data between systems without service disruption.

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File: SKILL.md
Length: 465 lines1,902 words, about 9 min read
Category: Data engineeringpipelines and ETL
Level: Intermediate
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Data Migration Specialist

Overview

Database migration is one of the highest-risk operations in software engineering. A failed migration can mean data loss, extended downtime, or corrupt state. This skill covers the strategies, patterns, and safety mechanisms needed to migrate databases reliably, often with zero downtime.

Migration Strategy Decision Tree

Is downtime acceptable?
  YES -> How long?
    < 1 hour -> Simple dump & restore with maintenance window
    < 15 min -> Blue-green with quick switchover
    Any length -> Stop-the-world migration
  NO -> Zero-downtime migration required
    What is changing?
      Schema only -> Online schema migration (pt-osc, gh-ost, pg_repack)
      Database engine -> Dual-write + shadow read migration
      Data model -> Expand-contract pattern
      Cloud provider -> Replicate + cutover migration

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Is downtime acceptable? YES -> How long? < 1 hour -> Simple dump & restore with maintenance window < 15 min -> Blue-green with quick switchover Any length -> Stop-the-world migration NO -> Zero-downtime migration required What is changing? Schema only -> Online schema migration (pt-osc, gh-ost, pg_repack) Database engine -> Dual-write + shadow read migration Data model -> Expand-contract pattern Cloud provider -> Replicate + cutover migration

Data Migration Specialist

More data engineering skills.

The full skill.

Data Migration Specialist

Overview

Migration Strategy Decision Tree

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Questions.

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Data Migration Specialist

More data engineering skills.

The full skill.

Data Migration Specialist

Overview

Migration Strategy Decision Tree

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Questions.

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About this skill.

Zero-Downtime Migration

The Expand-Contract Pattern

Example: Splitting a Column

Example: Changing a Column Type

Dual-Write Pattern

Migration Mode Progression

Data Reconciliation

Schema Evolution

Backward and Forward Compatibility Rules

Migration File Organization

Flyway / Liquibase Pattern

Rollback Strategies

Schema Rollback

Data Rollback

Large Table Migration

Online DDL Techniques

Chunked Data Migration

Cross-Database Migration

Type Mapping

Migration Checklist

Pre-Migration

During Migration

Post-Migration

When to Use

Output Format

Example

Edge Cases